Peptides for blood sugar
7 peptides · T5 6 · T4 1
Six of the seven entries here are approved medicines with an agreed, registered use, and all of them are prescription-only. For five waves of new records this was the one page in the register where that held of everything on it. The seventh ended that: it is approved in China, which this scale does not count as approval, because the ladder is defined by what the European and US regulators have authorised — so it sits a rung lower with four published phase 3 trials behind it. That gap between what exists and what the ladder can credit is worth seeing. This page describes the evidence, not who should be given what.
- Approved medicine
Dulaglutide
Trulicity · LY2189265
MetabolicApproved for type 2 diabetes, and in the US also for reducing heart attacks and strokes in people who already have it — but not approved anywhere for weight loss.
Ten randomised trials and a 9,901-person heart trial support the diabetes and heart claims; the weight it takes off is real but small, about 3.2 kg against 1.5 kg on dummy injections.
- Approved medicine
Exenatide
Byetta · Bydureon
MetabolicApproved for type 2 diabetes since 2005, and the first medicine of its kind anywhere — a synthetic copy of a lizard peptide, not a human hormone.
Placebo-controlled trials show lower blood sugar and one to two kilograms of weight loss, but the 14,752-person heart trial missed its target and newer weekly injections beat it in head-to-head trials.
- Approved medicine
Insulin (human insulin)
Humulin · Insuman
TherapeuticApproved to control blood sugar in people with diabetes.
Its benefits and risks are supported by large, long-running clinical trials and routine medical use.
- Approved medicine
Liraglutide
Saxenda · Victoza
MetabolicApproved for type 2 diabetes and weight management.
Large controlled trials show lower blood sugar and weight loss compared with placebo.
- Approved medicine
Semaglutide
Ozempic · Wegovy
MetabolicApproved for type 2 diabetes and weight management.
Large controlled trials show lower blood sugar, substantial weight loss and fewer cardiovascular events in specific groups.
- Approved medicine
Tirzepatide
Mounjaro · Zepbound
MetabolicApproved for type 2 diabetes and weight management.
Large controlled trials show lower blood sugar and substantial weight loss compared with placebo and other treatments.
- Still being tested in people
Mazdutide
IBI362 · IBI-362
MetabolicApproved in China for weight loss and type 2 diabetes, and experimental everywhere else.
Four published phase 3 trials show large weight loss and lower blood sugar against dummy injections, all of them run in China.